Targeted Search

The traditional view is that the brain is surrounded by three layers, the dura, arachnoid, and pia mater. Møllgård et al. found a fourth meningeal layer called the subarachnoid lymphatic-like membrane (SLYM). SLYM is immunophenotypically distinct from the other meningeal layers in the human and mouse brain and represents a tight barrier for solutes of more than 3 kilodaltons, effectively subdividing the subarachnoid space into two different compartments. SLYM is the host for a large population of myeloid cells, the number of which increases in response to inflammation and aging, so this layer represents an innate immune niche ideally positioned to surveil the cerebrospinal fluid.

After fighters' cessation of RHI exposure, cognitive function and brain thickness measures may stabilize and blood NfL levels may decline. This study could be a starting point to identify potential predictors of individuals who are at a higher risk of RHI-related long-term neurologic conditions.

A study designed to measure exosomal and plasma levels of candidate blood biomarkers in veterans with history of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and test their relationship with chronic symptoms.

A look at how to describe clinical recovery time and factors that might impact recovery after a sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (SR-mTBI; concussion).

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major problem among military veterans and civilians alike, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide association study and bioinformatic analyses, which included 146,660 European Americans and 19,983 African Americans in the US Million Veteran Program, to identify genetic risk factors relevant to intrusive reexperiencing of trauma, which is the most characteristic symptom cluster of PTSD. In European Americans, eight distinct significant regions were identified. Three regions had values of P < 5 × 10⁻¹⁰: CAMKV; chromosome 17 closest to KANSL1, but within a large high linkage disequilibrium region that also includes CRHR1; and TCF4. Associations were enriched with respect to the transcriptomic profiles of striatal medium spiny neurons. No significant associations were observed in the African American cohort of the sample. Results in European Americans were replicated in the UK Biobank data. These results provide new insights into the biology of PTSD in a well-powered genome-wide association study.

Higher TBI prevalence in states with greater levels of private insurance and insurance adequacy may suggest an underrecognition of TBI among children with less access to care.

“You’re supposed to rest after concussion.” This advice has been given countless times to patients recovering from concussion. How did we get here, what is the evidence that brought us here, and what does the evolving evidence actually tell us?

The lack of evidence-based, geriatric-specific traumatic brain injury guidelines presents barriers to optimal care for older adults that suffer a TBI.

Study evaluates the use of phospho-tau levels, total-tau levels, and the phospho tau–total tau ratio as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with traumatic brain injury.

A new system that has been shown to record for the first time how brain tissue deforms when subjected to the kind of shock that causes blast-induced trauma commonly seen in combat veterans.