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After fighters' cessation of RHI exposure, cognitive function and brain thickness measures may stabilize and blood NfL levels may decline. This study could be a starting point to identify potential predictors of individuals who are at a higher risk of RHI-related long-term neurologic conditions.

Concussion is a common childhood injury that may lead to long-term physical, behavioral, and neurocognitive effects, affecting learning and school performance. There is increasing concern about the potential for repeat concussions among professional and high school athletes, with specific attention focused on understanding how sustaining a concussion alters future concussion risk. Addressing repeat concussion risk among youth has substantial implications for clinical practice in terms of managing exposure — particularly regarding youth sports participation — and long-term health and development.

A study published in Brain, a journal of neurology, presents the strongest case yet that repetitive hits to the head that aren't concussions do cause CTE.

This review describes key findings and knowledge gaps regarding the prevalence, risk, and characteristics of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE).

A neuropathologist has examined the brains of 111 NFL. players — and 110 were found to have CTE, the degenerative disease linked to repeated blows to the head.

It is increasingly recognized that moderate to severe traumatic brain injury increases the risk for dementia in older adulthood. Whether mild TBI is associated with increased risk of dementia is less clear, especially because fewer prospective studies have focused on mild TBI. This is an important gap in the field, especially because concussion is relatively common, among both the general population and certain groups such as athletes and military service members.