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A study examining the effect of the immune receptor known as Toll-like Receptor 4, or TLR4, on how memory functions in both the normal and injured brain has found vastly different cellular pathways contribute to the receptor's effects on excitability in the uninjured and injured brain.
A look at how to describe clinical recovery time and factors that might impact recovery after a sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (SR-mTBI; concussion).
Dr. Samantha Backhaus talks about educating the person with brain injury, helping them accept their emotional reactions, and helping them cope with triggering situations.
BrainLine sat down with Dr. Edward C. Wright to discuss PTSD. Dr. Wright is a board-certified clinical psychologist in the Home Base Program of Massachusetts General Hospital, focused primarily on providing treatment for PTSD. He is also part of the Wounded Warrior Project’s® Warrior Care Network®, which helps veterans transition to civilian life. Dr. Wright spoke about PTSD and his use of cognitive-behavioral therapies to treat anxiety and depression.
This handout provides a brief summary of what researchers currently know and don’t know about chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. Research on CTE is growing, and more studies are needed to help answer many remaining questions. CDC will update this handout as more information on CTE becomes available.
Concussion is a common childhood injury that may lead to long-term physical, behavioral, and neurocognitive effects, affecting learning and school performance. There is increasing concern about the potential for repeat concussions among professional and high school athletes, with specific attention focused on understanding how sustaining a concussion alters future concussion risk. Addressing repeat concussion risk among youth has substantial implications for clinical practice in terms of managing exposure — particularly regarding youth sports participation — and long-term health and development.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a major problem among military veterans and civilians alike, yet its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. We performed a genome-wide association study and bioinformatic analyses, which included 146,660 European Americans and 19,983 African Americans in the US Million Veteran Program, to identify genetic risk factors relevant to intrusive reexperiencing of trauma, which is the most characteristic symptom cluster of PTSD. In European Americans, eight distinct significant regions were identified. Three regions had values of P < 5 × 10−10: CAMKV; chromosome 17 closest to KANSL1, but within a large high linkage disequilibrium region that also includes CRHR1; and TCF4. Associations were enriched with respect to the transcriptomic profiles of striatal medium spiny neurons. No significant associations were observed in the African American cohort of the sample. Results in European Americans were replicated in the UK Biobank data. These results provide new insights into the biology of PTSD in a well-powered genome-wide association study.
Today there is more interest in concussions and their lingering effects, which has led to more funding and research. Dr. James Kelly sees the information gathering and treatment implemenation landscape growing even further as time goes on.
Dr. James Kelly talks about how a lot of people were interested in concussion in the 1980s. It's taken a long time, but more and more people have come on board with the view that brain injury is an important issue. This change is leading to more developments in the diagnosis and treatment of mTBI.
Dr. James Kelly believes that taking extra time with patients means developing a more accurate diagnosis and, therefore, a more effective treatment plan for the patient.
Showing a patient's improvement after a brain injury using accepted standardized metrics means those results can be analyzed and diseminated. It can also inform trials aimed at improving the identification and treatment of TBIs.
At the Marcus Institute, the focus is on spending time learning about their veteran patients and finding as accurate a diagnosis as possible in order to best tailor treatment.
NICoE, the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, was created with the goal of helping duty service members with TBI relieve symptoms, put them on a trajectory of recovery, and aim them back into the the military world that they live in.
Dr. James Kelly knows that brain injury results in physical changes to the body which can be addressed and improved using rehabilitiation therapies. Vestibular rehabilitation has proven effective in addressing issues of balance and mobility.
Dr. Ann McKee wants to raise awareness about brain donation. The more brains that researchers have to study, the more information they can gather to help people in the future.
Dr. Ann McKee knows that physical exercise is healthy for the mind and the body, but it's important to do it safely to minimize the chances of brain injury.
Higher TBI prevalence in states with greater levels of private insurance and insurance adequacy may suggest an underrecognition of TBI among children with less access to care.