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Lt. Col. Philip Holcombe, PhD talks about various treatments for PTSD including imaginal and behavioral exposure treatments as well as addressing issues of guilt and hypervigilance.

Lt. Col. Philip Holcombe, PhD talks about how injury to different parts of the brain like the amygdala or the frontal lobe can affect behavior and how best to approach treatment.

A biomarker is any measurement that provides information on a patient's specific organ or organ system. A blood biomarker test like that used to test heart attack is greatly needed for TBI.

Neuroscientist Dr. Ronald Hayes talks about how, in the future, doctors will be able to map a person's genome, which could help how treatments are developed for brain injury.

Getting an effective blood biomarker test for TBI from bench to bedside with FDA-approval along the way is no small feat. Dr. Ronald Hayes talks about two proteins for which researchers have high hopes.

Like the leg of a table breaking off where the leg meets the table top, cerebral fibers in the brain have sharp branches and turns, which might make them particularly vulnerable to inertial trauma.

Dr. Van Wedeen explains that unlike a telephone switchboard where each wire is unique with no relation to the wires around it, wires in the brain have similar functions to their neighboring areas.

Neuroscientist Van Wedeen talks about how in diffusion spectral imaging water is used as a tracer to figure out the directions and crossings that fibers in the brain take.

Dr. Van Wedeen explains how DSI shows the fiber architecture of the brain and how all the 3-D axes fit together as a whole to form a "highly deformed grid."

So far, research shows that chronic traumatic encephalopathy does not occur in people who have not sustained repetitive hits to the head either in sports or in combat.

Researchers like Dr. Lee Goldstein are studying the effects of repetitive brain injury whether sustained over a season on the football field or in milliseconds from one combat blast.